GENERAL DATA

1. These methodological recommendations are intended for the experts, dealing with energy audit work of the enterprise systems of the Republic of Belarus.
2. Methodological recommendations contain main terminology, determine volume of work, offer table forms, give an account of theoretical part of work.
3. These recommendations are made concerning processing of the results on РС by means of the program «MODEN». Methodological recommendations do not give program description on РС (currently version 2.0 is under development, but there is a version 1.0. for DOC ). Contracts for program copy purchase can be concluded through the organization that creates these recommendations.
4. Taking into account known contradictions in definition of the concept «energy balance», the following is used in these recommendations - «on the one hand, energy balance reflects full quantitive correspondence between total input energy, and, on the other hand, total useful energy and losses»
5. During audit work and creation of technical solutions on lowering of energy consumption it is recommmended to use the following work execution order:
   • creation of methods on the enterprise audit;
   • enterprise audit;
   • computer simulation of energy system of the enterprise;
   • creation of energy balance;
   • creation of technical solutions on lowering of initial energy consumption;
   • report design.

CREATION OF METHODOLOGY ON AUDIT WORK EXECUTION OF  INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

1. Initial data for creation of audit procedure is given by energy service of the enterprise. Auditor asks questions, and representative of the enterprise answers them. Prepared methodology should be coordinated with the representative of the enterprise. After agreement the representative of the enterprise is responsible for not full or inaccurate information.
2. Methodology on the audit work of the enterprise contains:
   • general information about enterprise;
   • definition of examination intensity;
   • definition of audit volume;
   • definition of sources and methods of getting information;
   • main table forms, which should be filled in during examination.
3. General information about enterprise should reflect issues, given in the table 1.1., description of energy system (energy sources, energy carriers, etc., which are given in the table 1.2 and 1.3, see appendix 1).
4. Audit volume is determined depending on building taken for development of energy balance and technical solutions on lowering of energy consumption. Therefore, during creation of full energy balance the whole energy system of the enterprise is taken into account.
5. Basic ways and sources of information, that are necessary during adit execution, are given in the table 1.6. (see appendix 1). It is necessary to indicate existence of earlier created energy balances, audit reports, etc.
6. During audit of the enterprise it is necessary to perform the following full-scale measurement:
   • Measure thermal resistance of enclosing structures;
   • Measure thermal resistance of heat insulation;
   • Measure temperature and flow rate of main energy carrier.
   Test values are to be placed in the table 1.7. (see appendix 1).
7. It is necessary to indicate readings of the instruments of revenue metering and process control on the examined lines of energy scheme in the table 1.8. (see appendix 1).
8. The methodology should contain the main table of energy flows (tabl.2.1, appendix 1), which should be filled  during audit (see section "Audit of the enterprise").

ENTERPRISE AUDIT

1. The enterprise audit comes to the detection of enterprise structure and scheme of energy flows, and also to its description by standard language of the program «MODEN».
2. The enterprise audit is performed on the basis of developed technology (see section "Working out of methodology on execution of industrial enterprise audit").
3. As experience has shown, the main difficulty during audit is in defining of peak hour loads and load irregularity coefficients.
4. Peak loads of separate lines of energy scheme is determined in the following way:
   • by heating systems – design data or enlarged heating characteristics of building;
   • by ventilation systems – design data, setup data or full-scale measurements;
   • by hot water supply systems – design data or calculations by water consumption norms;
   • by power supply systems – design data, calculations by total capacity or meter readings;
   • by technological systems of heat consumption – passport data of the equipment, design data, calculations or meter readings.
5. Irregularity coefficients should be determined in the following way:
   • by ventilation systems – by personnel polling of ventilation and consumer systems;
   • by hot water supply systems – by personnel polling of hot water supply systems with consumption curve testing at the industrial enterprise;
   • by lighting systems – by enlarged indices and meter readings;
   • by power supply systems – by meter readings, personnel polling , known data of analogue enterprises.
6. Audit results are placed in the table 2.1. (see appendix 1). Some subsystems requires describing of rule structure. In some cases these subsystems are standard, but some of them require more detailed audit. Let us consider necessary information for standard subsystems (except for information in the table 2.1.):
   • building as an object of heat losses; heat transfer coefficient of wall, floor, ceiling and window area; building temperature during a day;
   • heat exchanger; area of heating surface and heat transfer coefficient.

SIMULATION OF ENTERPRISE ENERGY SYSTEM AND WORKING OUT OF ENERGY BALANCE

Audit results, entered in the table 2.1.(appendix 1), are to be transfered to the program «MODEN». Then we calculate annual energy expenditure, which are to be checked (check for adequacy) with meter readings of technological control and revenue metering. It is necessary to make a correction, which is taken into account in irregularity coefficients.

1. For heat supply systems it is necessary to take into account correction on the average temperature of the heating season and its duration, which can differ from standard values.
2. After validation on adequacy construction of the graphical scheme of energy system on the basis of data from the table 2.1 is performed. The scheme should not be contradictory, as flow direction should be accurate.
3. The following tables, which are necessary both for energy balance, and for operations on lowering of energy consumption, should be filled:
   • structure of the enterprise energy consumption by the objects of energy consumption (table 3.1., appendix 1);
   • structure of the enterprise energy consumption by the systems of energy consumption (table 3.2., appendix 1.);
   • structure of the enterprise by input energy carriers (table 3.3., appendix 1);
   • structure of the enterprise by output energy carriers (table 3.4., appendix 1);
   • basic indices of the enterprise (table 3.5., appendix 1);
   • analytical form of energy balance (table 4.1., appendix 1).
4. Tables 3.1. – 4.1. (appendix 1) form the basis of actual energy balance.
5. Energy dimension of different carriers is not regulated, but it is obligatory to present energy in GJ, what you can see in the tables above.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS ON LOWERING OF INITIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

1. Selection of technical solutions on lowering of initial energy consumption is performed both on the basis of latest sci-tech achievements, and using standard techniques.
2. Suggested technical solutions SHOULD NOT:
   • worsen functional designation of the enterprise;
   • include technical equipment, operation of which does not correspond to the level of technical culture of the given enetrprise (except for the cases specified by the enterprise management);
   • include technical solutions, which contain imported equipment, delivered for currency, which enterprise does not have, or equipment in short supply, and its delivery for this enterprise is problematic;
   • reduce reliability of heat and power supply (except for the cases specified by the enterprise management).
3. Suggested technical solutions SHOULD:
   • have positive economic effect concerning prices for the year of development and predictable period;
   • cover the whole energy system of the enterprise and infrastructure, if it is possible.
4. Suggested technical solutions should be presented to the customer for agreement.
5. Selected technical solutions are to be placed  in the table 4.2. (appendix 1).
6. Taking into account selected technical solutions one can create prospective energy balance.

Appendix 1

LIST OF TABLES (TENTATIVELY)

Stage of methodology creation:

Table 1.1. General information about enterprise.
Table 1.2. Energy sources and energy carriers, produced by them.
Table 1.3. Main energy consumers by usage direction.
Table 1.4. Energy flow rate by main objects.
Table 1.5. Audit intensity of energy-consuming objects.
Table 1.6. Sources and ways of getting information during audit.
Table 1.7. Results of full-scale measurements.
Table 1.8. Meter readings of revenue metering and process control.

Stage of audit and simulation conduction:

Table 2.1. Description of enterprise organizational structure.
Table 2.2. Table of energy flows.
Table 2.3. Process flows.
Table 2.4. Description of boiler units (sources of energy).
Table 2.5. HCR.
Table 2.6. Compressor house.
Table 2.7. Description of cold source.
Table 2.8. Description of constructions.
Table 2.9. Description of internal air temperature.
Table 2.10. Description of enclosures.
Table 2.11. Automation and teleautomation. Heating (along a contour).
Table 2.12. Hot water supply.
Table 2.13. Description of ventilators.
Table 2.14. Input ventilation.
Table 2.15. Exhaust ventilation.
Table 2.16. Lighting system.
Table 2.17. Characteristics of heat exchanger.
Table 2.18. Description of pumps.
Table 2.19. Other heat-consuming equipment.
Table 2.20. Other electro-consuming equipment.
Table 2.21. Examination results of energy system of the enterprise.
Table 2.22. Table of meter readings of thermal energy.
Table 2.23. Table of cost parameters.
Table 2.24. Heat engineering characteristics of enclosures.

Stage of simulation and analysis:

Table 3.1. The enterprise structure by the objects of energy consumption.
Table 3.2. The enterprise structure by energy consumption system.
Table 3.3. The enterprise structure by input energy carrier.
Table 3.4. The enterprise structure by output energy carrier.
Table 3.5. Basic indices of the enterprise.

Stage of development of technical solutions:

Table 3.1. Analytic form of energy balance.
Table 3.2. Table of technical solutions on lowering of energy consumption.

Appendix 2

TERMINOLOGY USED IN RECOMMENDATIONS 

AUDIT INTENSITY – lowest level of the enterprise structure, to which audit can be made.
SIMULATION OF ENERGY SYSTEM OF THE ENTERPRISE – presentation of real energy system in the form of mathematical relations, reflecting the most characteristic parameters of the system. In these recommendations such model is presented by matrix of table of energy flows (table 2.1., appendix 1).
AUDIT VOLUME – part of energy system of the enterprise, which undergo the audit.
BASIC DIMENSION OF ENERGY MEASURING – GJ.
THERMAL ENERGY SAMPLE – it is carried out from 0 °С.
PERSPECTIVE ENERGY BALANCE – it is made taking into account projected development of production and implementation of energy-efficient actions.
INPUT ENERGY – total value of different types of energy, linked up with an object (Qподв):

Qподв = Qпот + Qпол.

USEFULL ENERGY – energy, left in the object, transfered to the other object or left to the environment, repeated usage of which is economically and technologically unreasonable (Qпол).
ENERGY LOSSES – energy, left from the object to the environment, repeated usage of which is economically and technologically reasonable (Qпот).
STRUCTURE LEVELS OF THE ENTERPRISE – the following structure elements are used in the recommendations – plant, department, sector, equipment.
ACTUAL ENERGY BALANCE – reflects working conditions formed at the enterprise.
ENERGY AUDIT – examination of enterprises (objects) in order to work out technical offers on lowering of initial energy consumption.
NORMALIZATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION – determination of energy flow rate on one item production and setting of target standard.

Appendix 3

CONVENTIONS OF ENERGY CARRIERS

Т1Х – delivery pipeline with heat carrier – water.
Т2Х – return pipeline with heat carrier – water.
Т3Х – pipeline of hot water supply system.
Т4Х – circulation pipeline.
Т7Х – pipeline with heat carrier – steam.
Т8Х – pipeline with heat carrier – condensate.
Т9Х – pipeline with gaseous and water-steam mixture.
АРХ – pipeline with energy carrier – compressed air.
А SХ – pipeline with energy carrier – incoming air.
АЕХ – pipeline with energy carrier – exhaust air.
SWX– pipeline with energy carrier – tap water.
WWX– pipeline with energy carrier – waste water.
IX – electrical energy carrier.
RWX– pipeline with energy carrier – recirculated water.
EGX – gas flue with energy carrier – combustion gas.
GX – gas flue with energy carrier – gas fuel.
IAX – department internal air.
EX – ground.
RSX – solar energy.
Q – losses of heat energy.
IWX – losses of electrical energy.
HX – liquid fuel.
X – variable.